Russian Grammar.

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5.1. Adjectives in -ый

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OVERVIEW

In the Russian language, adjectives, like nouns, change for gender, number, and case. An adjective has the same gender, number, and case of the noun it qualifies.

• Adjectives whose stem ends in a hard consonant take one of two endings:
  • ​-ый
    • до́брый челове́к (kind person)​
    • The ending ​-ый is always unstressed
  • ​-ой
    • молодо́й ма́льчик (young boy)
    • The ending ​​-ой is always stressed
• Adjectives whose stem ends in a soft consonant take the ending:
  • ​-ий
    • зи́мний день (winter day)
    • The ending of adjectives with a soft consonant stem is always unstressed
• Adjectives whose stem ends in г, к, х​ take the ending:
  • -ий
    • ​​лёгкий текст (easy text)
    • The ending ​-ий is always unstressed

• Adjectives whose stem ends in ж, ​ш, ч, щ take the ending:
  • -ий
    • ​​хоро́ший отве́т (good answer)
    • The ending ​-ий is always unstressed
  • The neuter ending -oe is stressed
    • чужо́е лицо́ (strange face)
  • The neuter ending -ee is unstressed
    • све́жее дыха́ние (fresh breath)
  • The feminine ending after ч and щ is -ая​
    • горя́чая вода́ (hot water)

Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	-ый	-ая	-ое	-ые
Genitive	-ого	-ой	-ого	-ых
Dative	-ому	-ой	-ому	-ым
Accusative	(Animate) -ого ​(Inanimate) ​-ый	-ой	-ое	(Animate) -ых  (Inanimate) -ые
Instrumental	-ым	-ой	-ым	-ыми
Prepositional	-ом	-ой	-ом	-ых

• 5.1.1. Genitive
• 5.1.2. Dative
• 5.1.3. Accusative
• 5.1.4. Instrumental
• 5.1.5. Prepositional
• 5.1.6. Level Up!

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5.1.1.1. Singular - Masculine Genitive ​

• Formation
  • Nominative masculine ending: -ый
    • ​To form the genitive, replace -ый with -ого:  
      • но́вый (new) ​→ но́вого

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5.1.1.2. Singular - Feminine Genitive

• Formation
  • Nominative feminine ending: -ая
    • ​To form the genitive, replace -ая with -ой:
      • но́вая (new) ​→ но́вой​

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5.1.1.3. Singular - Neuter Genitive

• Formation
  • Nominative neuter ending: -ое
    • To form the genitive, replace -ое with -ого:
      • но́вое (new) ​→ но́вого​

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5.1.1.4. Plural

• Formation
  • Nominative plural ending: -ые
    • To form the plural genitive, replace -ые with -ых:
      • но́вые​ (new) ​→ но́вых

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5.1.2.1. Singular - Masculine Dative

• Formation
  • Nominative masculine ending: -ый
    • ​To form the dative, replace -ый with -ому:  
      • но́вый (new) ​→ но́вому​

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5.1.2.2. Singular - Feminine Dative

• Formation
  • Nominative feminine ending: -ая
    • ​To form the dative, replace -ая with -ой:  
      • но́вая (new) ​→ но́вой​

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5.1.2.3. Singular - Neuter Dative

• Formation
  • ​Nominative neuter ending: -ое
    • ​To form the dative, replace -ое with -ому:  
      • но́вое (new) ​→ но́вому

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5.1.2.4. Plural

• Formation
  • Nominative plural ending: -ые
    • To form the plural dative, replace -ые with -ым:
      • но́вые​ (new) ​→ но́вым

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5.1.3.1. Singular - Masculine Accusative Animate

• Formation
  • Nominative masculine ending: -ый
    • ​To form the accusative animate, replace -ый with -ого:  
      • но́вый (new) ​→ но́вого
    • To form the accusative inanimate, make no change to the adjective
      • ​но́вый (new) → но́вый​

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5.1.3.2. Singular Feminine Accusative Animate and Inanimate

Formation

• Nominative feminine ending: -ая
  • ​To form the genitive, replace -ая with -ую:
    • но́вая (new) → но́вую

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5.1.3.3. Singular Neuter Accusative

• Formation
  • Nominative masculine ending: -ое
    • To form the accusative inanimate, make no change to the adjective
      • но́вое (new) → но́вое​​

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5.1.3.4. Plural Accusative Animate

• Formation
  • Nominative plural ending: -ые
    • ​To form the accusative animate, replace -ые with -ых:  
      • но́вые (new) → но́вых
    • To form the accusative inanimate, make no change to the adjective
      • ​но́вые (new) → но́вые 

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5.1.4.1. Singular - Masculine Instrument

• Formation
  • Nominative masculine ending: -ый
    • ​To form the instrumental, replace -ый with -ым:  
      • но́вый (new) ​→ но́вым

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5.1.4.2. Singular - Feminine Instrument

• Formation
  • Nominative feminine ending: -ая
    • ​To form the instrumental, replace -ая with -ой:  
      • но́вая (new) ​→ но́вой​

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5.1.4.3. Singular - Neuter Instrument

• Formation
  • Nominative neuter ending: -ое
    • ​To form the prepositional, replace -ое with -ым:  
      • но́вое (new) ​→ но́вым

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5.1.4.4. Plural

​

• Formation
  • Nominative plural ending: -ые
    • To form the plural instrumental, replace -ые with -ыми:
      • но́вые​ (new) ​→ но́выми

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5.1.5.1. Singular - Masculine Prepositional

• Formation
  • Nominative masculine ending: -ый
    • ​To form the prepositional, replace -ый with -ом:  
      • но́вый (new) ​→ но́вом

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5.1.5.2. Singular - Feminine Prepositional

• Formation
  • Nominative feminine ending: -ая
    • ​To form the prepositional, replace -ая with -ой:  
      • но́вая (new) ​→ но́вой

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5.1.5.3. Singular - Neuter Prepositional

• Formation
  • Nominative neuter ending: -ое
    • ​To form the prepositional, replace -ое with -ом:  
      • но́вое (new) ​→ но́вом​

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5.1.5.4. Plural

• Formation
  • Nominative plural ending: -ые
    • To form the plural prepositional, replace -ые with -ых:
      • но́вые​ (new) ​→ о но́вых

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5.1.6.1. Level Up

LEVEL UP!
Use this section to "level up" your your listening comprehension and understanding of adjective and noun declension

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