Aviation.

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Flights in the Polar Night and Twilight

Flying in the Arctic during polar nights and twilight is significantly more challenging than in mid-latitudes due to harsh weather, deceptive terrain, and unique navigational difficulties. Pilots often rely on instruments as visibility is limited by haze, fog, and changing weather. Overloaded aircraft face issues with takeoff and landing on icy surfaces. Navigators depend on astronomy, particularly star constellations and the moon, alongside radio equipment and gyroscopic instruments for orientation. These experiences highlight the need for improved equipment, specialized navigation methods, and better airfield support to enhance the safety and efficiency of Arctic flights.
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​CONTENT DETAILS
Title: Flights in the Polar Night and Twilight
Difficulty: Advanced 
Topic: Aviation

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• Level 1
• Level 2
• Level 3
• Russian-only
• English-only

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English-to-Russian:
​If English is your known language, use it as a prompt for the Russian segment.

Russian-to-English:
​If English is your known language, use it to verify comprehension of the Russian segment.

Level 1 presents content segmented mostly by single words, phrases, or short sentences. 
Objectives

• Repeatedly listen until you can do the following:
  • Comprehend each segment in your target language.
  • Accurately predict and vocalize the second segment of each matching pair.
• Identify and understand the grammar at play in each phrase.

English-to-Russian:
​If English is your known language, use it as a prompt for the Russian segment.

Russian-to-English:
​If English is your known language, use it to verify comprehension of the Russian segment.

Level 2 presents content segmented mostly by large phrases or complete sentences.
Objectives

• Repeatedly listen until you can do the following:
  • Comprehend the complete sentences in your target language.

English-to-Russian:
​If English is your known language, use it as a prompt for the Russian segment.

Russian-to-English:
​If English is your known language, use it to verify comprehension of the Russian segment.

Level 3 presents content segmented mostly by paragraphs or large sections of a paragraph.
Objectives

• Repeatedly listen until you can do the following:
  • Comprehend each paragraph in your target language.
  • As you listen, accurately define specific vocabulary words or phrases of your choice.

The Russian-only version presents content in Russian only.
Objectives

• Repeatedly listen until you can do the following:
  • Comprehend the entire piece with little effort.
  • Identify words and phrases of your choice and accurately translate them as you listen.

The English-only version presents content in English only.
Objectives

• Repeatedly listen until you can do the following:
  • Identify words and phrases of your choice and accurately translate them as you listen.
  • In your target language, accurately vocalize words and phrases of your choice.

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​This transcript is from version Level 3 - Russian-to-English.

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